Gender in language

When I started publishing in the mid-1970s, the issue of the sexism of the third person singular pronoun came up. With new authors, we would just advise them of our concern. But when our Mudborn Press broke up (she kept the name, I went with Bandanna Books for my FBN), and I became interested in publishing classic texts, I soon confronted the sexism issue directly.

Obviously, the older authors had no idea that there might be a concern about using “he” or “man” as applying equally to women as to men, and there are historic reasons for that. Until the 18th and 19th centuries, girls were not traditionally sent to school, so why bother with he-and-she when the only readers were male?

In Plato’s Athens, women were not part of the political process; his writings were on major themes of honor, justice, and such, so we moderns assume that he included all persons in his ideas. But when he writes The Republic, it’s clear that he didn’t. We tend to gloss over that, so that today we read his philosophy as universally applicable. Is it? That’s a question for an editor to be worth asking.

When I launched Bandanna Books, my very first book published was a version of the I Ching. Simple, straightforward, right? But the model in almost every entry was the Prince or the noble man, the good man. Again, were women explicitly to be excluded? In a number of instances, women’s roles are mentioned separately from those of men. Nowhere is there an instance of a woman held up as a model. Does that negate the ideas in the I Ching about right living and judgment? Again, we like to read it as if these were universal truths or guides. How should the text read then, if English has a gender split in the third person singular?

I gave it a lot of thought, tried and rejected several ideas before coming up with what I call “humanist pronouns.” I noticed that we already had a set of non-sexist-tagged third person pronouns, interrogative pronouns: “who,” “whose,” “whom.” These are ordinarily used when we don’t know the person or gender and are asking. But what if we started using, with the same pronunciation, “hu,” “hus,” and “hum”? The spelling is similar to what one would expect, the sound is familiar, and even the sense is close to what one expects to hear. “Someone is knocking. See hu’s at the the door.” “A customer left a package. I picked up hus package and put it away.”

This, I believe, works better than using the plural in place of the singular, or he/she, hir, s/he, him and her, or other constructions that I’ve seen.

Some authors are careful in their writing, so that little or no
“gender editing” is required. This is generally true of Shakespeare, Poe, and others. Yet a few books, starting with the I Ching, require major surgery.

What has been the response? I did a little survey, and got something like 8 positive, 2 negative responses from teachers who used the books in their classes. It hasn’t caught on with anyone else, as far as I know. College textbooks go out of their way to keep their texts from being sexist, sometimes going to extremes of rearranging sentences to avoid using any pronoun at all.

Will I continue using the humanist pronouns? That depends on the text at hand, the audience, the acceptance. It’s my best effort at regularizing English.

Actually, the concern has spread to other languages, most of which have explicit masculine and feminine nouns, pronouns, adjectives, sometimes even neuter pronouns. Their solutions, the ones I’ve seen, tend to tack on the second gender with a slash to the ends of words.

Why do I care? Why is this issue important to me? Because I have changed genders myself, and I am forced to ask other people to change their pronouns for me. Now, if we had a non-sexist third person pronoun, that would not be required.

I live in the United States, where equality is part of the law of the land, even when our Declaration of Independence states that “all men are created equal.” The universal “he” has not disappeared; I don’t know if it ever will. I would like to see another option continue to be available.

 

editor-in-chief

I’ve been publishing humanities texts (many public domain) for college for years now, and it took a jog of the mind from Jason Epstein (chief at Random House) to make me recognize that I’m the editor of a star lineup of authors, and since they’re all dead, I can edit more or less as I see fit. Sappho, Edgar Allan Poe, Whitman, John Milton (whoa — edit Milton? yes, I’ve done it).

One might call what I do semi-scholarly; I don’t have to satisfy academic journals, but I do have to address the needs and concerns of the wider public. “Public” is the key word, that’s what a “publish”-er caters to. Which carries a responsibility to serve the past and the future well.

In one of my prefaces, I recall the image of the author looking over my shoulder as I tinker with the words or the translation. If she/he were alive today, how should the text read? This concern has led to modernization of some texts, praise for Jowett’s remarkable style that somehow escaped Victorianisms or, as we might say today, being cutsie with the language by prettying it up with quaint words.

I have to believe that people actually said “anon,” and “forsooth” in Shakespeare’s day, but in my life I have never heard them spoken outside a Shakespeare play. That was one reason I created the Deadword Dictionary.

The audience, too, is smaller than one might suspect; at least, this is my assumption: that the classics are read primarily in late high school and early college, if at all. That narrows it down significantly, which works for me. I aim to find models, if I can find them, of the “breakthrough” type, usually in one’s twenties or thirties, as Milton with Areopagitica (though he’s more famous for his much later works) or Walt Whitman.

But now that Google and the Gutenberg Project have made so much public domain material available, does that mean my niche is gone? I don’t think so. The trick, in my mind, has been to create the simplest approach to difficult or important ideas. And I’m taking my cue from beer, coffee, and food products, the proliferation of their brands and slight variations over the past few decades, but with an assist from coding, to allow a reader choices of customizing a text as they prefer it –say, with or without the original language, modernized or not, genderized or not, format, ability to add notes, or read notes or links, audio, graphics, so that each customer ends up with the product they helped create.

This should end up with a book with dimensions, different angles with which one might approach it. That would be more like a “tarbaby” (as in the Uncle Remus stories of Br’er Rabbit).

One of my hobby horses has been the third person singular pronoun, which I will reserve for another post.

 

experiments in audio

I was digging through boxes of tapes that desperately need weeded out, sold, trashed, or… when I rediscovered my old radio tapes. I used to do a radio show on the local campus radio station — yes, at that time they invited community members to propose programs, and I did with a partner. The partner soon left, but I continued with a show called Sound Art, Sound Text, which combined whatever I chose to play from the record library (yes, LPs, remember those?) with some talk, some reading and eventually more.

On the basis of what little I knew about radio, I was also hired on as the graveyard shift person on an all-classical local station, in which my major duty was to change giant 2-3 hour reels and keep the canned music flowing, and occasionally read a story or two off the AP wire. In other words, I had a lot of time on my hands. The result of this is that I conceived of, and executed, a plan to create a radio serial (just like in the old days), in this case based on the Beecher family. I had run across two volumes of their round-robin letters, so the material for “dialogue” was set up. I wrote the narrator pieces to set the background, and created the scripts.

Then, since I spent time at the campus station, I would drag in anybody who was walking by in the hallway to read a role for me, which was recorded on reel tape. Actually I chose five friends to voice the major continuing characters: Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and the father Lyman Beecher. In all, there were 57 parts, some of them tiny, and it stretched to 28 half-hour episodes. There was a lot of cutting and splicing of reel tape before I could convert it to cassette tapes (remember those?). This was in the Eighties, way before computers or the Internet were widespread.

OK, OK, I’m coming to it. I transferred all 28 episodes to mp3 files, uploaded them, each with the script (and you may notice some places of going off-script) scrolling down. I haven’t figured out how to regulate or coordinate the audio with the text (hint, hint).

And while I was doing that, I found four other radio scripts, but only one other did I find the audio (Margaret Fuller). These two are posted at www.bandannabooks.com/19th. I also included other pieces that bear on the 19th Century, which I have published or helped to create. The Izak Starfisher experimental radio group was three of us doing some interesting things, most of which never aired.

It surprised me that so much of my effort was focused on the Nineteenth Century, but it still fascinates me, and I hope that others might continue to be curious enough to see where we came from and how we got here. Anyhow, enjoy.

 

“exceptional english”

My fascination with the English language, the one I grew up with but didn’t pay that much attention to, has led me to understand it from various angles. Lately I rediscovered a little booklet I had done called the Deadword Dictionary. DD was devoted to all those words that seemed unnecessary or were “orphaned” words — by which I mean words which in previous ages may have had a connection to a root word that has since been lost. “Unbeknownst” is a good example. We don’t say “beknownst” and I’ve never heard “beknown” or even “beknow” used in a sentence, so the branch to “know” has been severed, although “unbeknownst,” floating off by itself, continues to haunt our dictionaries as a lost orphan. Do we really need it in a rational language?

Well, the point I’m coming to is that English is somewhat irrational. Pronunciation is another quirky aspect of English. I woke up thinking about “flange,” the ending of which is not pronounced the same as in “change” or even “orange.” And there’s the famous “I had a cough even though the bough had been through enough.” That’s five different pronunciations for one ending! And neither “g” nor “h” are sounded.

So, I was thinking of calling my new minim opus Quirky English, but now I’ve decided on “Exceptional English” for a double-edged title. Think of it as advanced English; a lot of the “correct English” sounds, spellings, and vocabulary are exceptions to one rule or another. By putting all the exceptions to rules in one place, I’m hoping to provide a handy resource for struggling English learners. Plus, it’s a lot of fun for me to point out the warts and anomalies of my own language.

If you enjoy puncturing the prissy as much as I do, I invite you to send me examples that you think should be in such a booklet. Exceptional exceptions will be acknowledged if and when I publish the work.

 

Audio series from the 19th Century

Just with too much time on my hands, I uploaded a radio series I did in the 1980s on the Beecher family (Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher and others). So, if you’re interested, the audio and the scripts are at Beechers, along with some other projects I’ve done relating to the 19th Century (Poe, Whitman, etc.).

I like old things, that’s my only excuse. Not that I would have liked to live in those days, that would be hard to imagine. Maybe because life seemed so difficult then that I admire the people who managed to accomplish so much.

 

A confession, of sorts

I’ve spent perhaps thirty years focusing on the college market for publishing (after a career as partner in a poetry press. Rationally, I chose it as an easy market (to which I had sold a title by accident), with texts required in humanities classes, year after year.

But, just in the past few days, I’ve experienced the resurgence of a guilty feeling dating from my two years in the Peace Corps as a teacher. I hadn’t been trained as a teacher specifically, but I was eager to “help save the world” in whatever way I was needed.

The system, carried over from the British style of education, decreed that at the end of Standard Eight, students across the nation would take an exam, and only one-quarter of them would pass and go on for further education. Maybe I didn’t take it seriously enough, or understand the great pressure this put on abandoning regular classes so as to “game the system” by studying previous year exams, cramming, improving test-taking skills. Our performance was below average when the expectation had been that our presence would have increased the school’s chances. As I recall, seven of the 45 students passed. And perhaps the greatest injustice was that the head monitor, who had been head monitor even when he was in the Seventh Standard, did not pass. I was not invited to stay for the final quarter of schooling, though my roommate did stay.

I now believe that my intense focus on the transition from high school to college, which was also personally difficult for me, was compounded by my failure as a teacher. What would I teach myself, or students like myself, in order to succeed in education? What should I have known, or done, in Tanzania to help shape the lives of the students in my classes?

I’ve been content to step back from the classroom, and instead help supply the teachers with materials for that paradigm. Teach the teachers, teach myself. Does that work better? I can’t say. It does begin to explain to myself why I do these things, repetitively, over and over again. Perhaps that is my neurosis, or rut. Perhaps it is the meaning of my life.

 

Couldn’t resist

This is just a fun thing.
The link is at Mini Virtual Sea Creatures Game widget and many other great free widgets at Widgetbox! Not seeing a widget? (More info

 

Refining the task of retailing

With a thousand (yipes) titles online, I look around for ways to be more effective. Did the survey of other sites where books are sold, dug a little more into it, and then I started to see a pattern.

Looking from the “other side of the mirror,” as the buyer sees it, my list is not really as scattered as it seems to me. But it does fall into, or I can characterize it as, three age groups (all of which I feel, depending on my mood in the morning). One is college and soon after, interested in everything actual, starting with college textbooks (a market by itself. The next group, getting into the thirties and forties, people are building families, parenting, getting concerned about health and diet, self-improvement, sports, getting ahead in business, and such. After that, older folks settle in for more philosophy, history, collecting, politics, the investing side of business.

How do the sites stack up? Plugging in a few keywords or names, I created a very subjective list to suit my list. I rejected some (for the time being) for having TOO MANY of the kinds of titles I want to sell, and others for having TOO FEW to be considered; and some were TOO NEW to tell what their audience would be like.

So, on a trial basis, I will add two new ones for each age grouping: Craigslist and ePier for the younger set; Buyitsellit and Atomic Mall for the middle group; and Alsoshop and Biblio (with ePier thrown in) for the older set.

Is this an accurate analysis? Who knows, but it’s a starting place.

By now, I’ve noticed another matter; I’m not really happy with some of my early acquisitions, particularly romance and mystery novels. I had picked some favorites, but they haven’t moved. And there are outdated or small items I’d like to shed. One site that I know of, Bonanzle, offers “freebies” — in my case, buy anything and get another book for free. I’m weeding out paperbacks and anything that’s set at $5 or less — is it really worth my time plus the shipping cost to sell a $5 book?

I just went through my basic list and came up with about 150 titles to mark as freebies on Bonanzle. It would also help my home situation, as the books are climbing up the walls, not enough bookshelves (though a side effect has been to actually go through my other junk and move it — paint cans, electronics, and all the cardboard and shipping supplies. So many tapes — does anyone listen to tapes anymore? And what about all those reels of tape from my days when I had a radio program, and produced a serial, or worked with two others in experimental radio “humor.” I don’t even own a tape deck that can handle reels anymore. Choice: trash them and never look back, or spend time converting to mp3s? Hmm. I’ll sleep on that one. Might be able to sell the 28-part serial, or at least put it online. So, I was doing podcasts before the iPod.

Haven’t sold ANY books this week. What can I do to change that? Lower prices? I see that plenty of people stop by to take a look. Reduce the shipping to media mail; did that tonight, that will cut the costs.

And with my new snobbishness about purchasing, I’m running out of good sources. I’ve pilfered the thrift shops. Ah, but tomorrow morning is Garage Saling! Last week was a bust, but there’s always that next one, just a little further away that maybe has great stuff – that I can afford.

And then there’s my publishing. I have eleven titles I could be making into ebooks. Just want to get it right. Hardly making any progress in the fat PHP book I bought, but I need that for a good working website. Also XML, but I think that’s not such a big step from XHTML.

 

Simple Survey: Webmalls for Books.

So, I’ve been on four sites (plus my own), and I thought it was time to start evaluating my experience. After several months of no sales, in the past 3 months, I’ve sold 24 books, well, 23 used books and 8 of my own publication. Today’s email has an invoice for last month’s sales: $1.22 is my cost (plus my time and shipping — oh, for the days when I had a shipper to do all that for me).

One site sold 11, a second sold 9, 2 for the third and 1 (plus a freebie) for the fourth site. Lopsided, I’d say. Of course, the top-selling site is the one I started with, toward the first of the year, and toward which I maintain my own “catalog” page with links to each title, hoping that the Google spiderbots actually read a whole long page (doubtful).

So yesterday and today I sat down to do some more research, make a simple table of 29 sites, to see which sites are selling, how they charge, and whether some or any fit my needs for selling books. My goal is modest: a small but steady income that would supplement my meager Social Security monthly (the result of a lifelong career of freelancing and sole proprietorship).

So at the top of my list, as I sort them, are the sites that cost the least, preferably with no recurring monthly costs. Not surprisingly, the top two are my own website (www.bandannabooks.com/auction) and Craigslist (which I hadn’t really considered before, but will now). Also with no recurring cost is Blujay, my newest site, but one with fewer sales, and an irritating quirk of flashing ERROR without informing me of what the error was, so I have to go back and fill in all the blanks again. I had been thinking of dropping them in favor of better sites; however, the results of my survey may make me reconsider. And a newcomer, j4ua.com, which offers one option with no fees for less than 100 titles.

Since this exercise is capitalism in action, every site has its own way of distinguishing itself as “the alternative to eBay” (which I didn’t even include in this survey because of the fees, fees, fees).

I set up hypothetical markers, as if I were to sell $100 a month, $200, or $300. If I get to that august level, I will have to do a new chart based on more ambitious goals.

The costs on most sites are listing fee, monthly fee, and final sale fee. As a rough rule of thumb, based on my own sales, selling 24 books out of a list now topping 1,000 (whew), and average price somewhere around $15 to $20 per sale, I’m figuring first that it would take selling 6 books to reach $100, and I would need to list about 40 books to sell one, so that comes to, let’s say, 250 books to reach $100. That many titles won’t affect the monthly fee, or the commission percentage, but if there is any cost to list books, that’ll make a big difference.

A number of sites make a point of having no listing fees; so, how do they make their money? One of them relies on ads, but most nail their profit to the final sale commission, which puts them on your side — if you do well, they do well.

Seven sites make the next cut, $11 per month and under even at the $300 level. These are USiFF (Usellitforfree), eBid (even though I usually add the gallery fee of 2%), alsoshop.com, OnlineAuction, SpecialistAuctions, and BISI (buyitsellit). eBid was my first, and they still offer a Seller+ option to list everything free for $49 for life (which I accepted). Alsoshop.com for under 100 titles is free with a final commission of 2.5%, the next step up is a modest $2.50/month for up to 500 titles. And BISI has no monthly fee for less than 10 titles, after that it’s $9.95/month; also, it appears to me that BISI is not a mall but offers to set you up with your own website. I’m leery of that from the point of view of traffic. Who would know about my books if I’m just on a website? Perhaps I misunderstand their offer. And the last in this group, j4ua again, with another plan, a basic store for $11.

The next three come in under $20/month: ePier, Atomic Mall, and Mailcar.net. Mailcar seems to be another webstore offer, not a mall arrangement, which does not appeal to me. ePier also offers a “premium” bundle for 10 bucks.

We start to get into some heavy hitters in the $20-$33 range (over 3 months): CQout, Bonanzle, Auxoo (formerly PlunderHere), and Biblio.com. CQout has a limitation on 85kb for images, which is waaay too small for my graphics; still, their commission of 4.5% and storefront for $12/month seems plausibly within my budget. Bonanzle is a lot of fun (that’s one of mine), with the chance to offer a Bonanza once a month, or create a hotlist (only one of your own), so they’re intent on building community as well as selling books. They also offer the chance to put in freebies (buy anything and get a freebie) and other creative ways. (Speaking of creative, I didn’t even include Wigix in the survey, it’s sui generis but worth looking into). Auxoo has a similar commission, I’m confused about their offer, it looks like you can sell without a store for commission fees (set up in a table), or have a monthly fee for different levels of stores with a flat 5.95% commission. Biblio.com has a plan at 7.5% commission, with a monthly fee of $10 or more, depending on the number of titles.

I lump most of the rest into “too steep for me,” from $45 to $100 (over 3 months): Half.com, Biblio’s other plan at 15% commission (the same level as 4 other sites’ rates), ABEbooks, Alibris basic and Alibris gold, Easybidzlive.com, Amazon (individual plan). All but Easybidzlive have around 100 million titles listed, all in one room (kidding).

And, finally, way out of my league: Ruby Lane (jewelry and such), Coast2CoastAuctions (25 cents per listing!), and Amazon Pro Merchant. Also eBay itself.

Now, in terms of popularity, check out the PSU site (http://www.powersellersunite.com/auctionsitewatch.php), which does a daily recount of listings on the most popular sites (some of which I did not even look at). My four sites are 2, 3, 4, and 6 (skipping CQout not because it’s British, but for a few features I found problematic, including payment methods — I haven’t researched that yet, and may change my mind).

Gasp, did I do all that? Did I learn something? Lots of places I probably won’t be using, and a few I hadn’t considered previously.

 

Revising the sites, vision for classics

Learn as I go… I’m finding new ways, sometimes obscured by weak navigation on the sites, to ramp up traffic. Categories seems to be a good idea; it still takes me awhile with “backward thinking” to see what buyers might like to see rather than the perfectly logical (from my point of view) categorization of books.

I also did a fact check to see what kinds of books were selling, and which were not. Art was high on the list (surprising me), and how-to. Fiction was low, only two (and one was signed). I had been toying with the idea of women writers of mysteries, which seems to me to be an interesting phenomenon, but I discover that there are many more than I had thought, and none in that category have sold, so…

Skip McGrath’s commonsense advice on selling used books online seems to match with my experience, so I’ll continue to value it. College textbooks work — it’s quite an industry, which I know something about from my years of publishing college materials (not yet ended). It’s a very competitive field, some states mandate the publisher for some subjects, which creates a small monopoly. And publishers respond to the fall-off in sales (due to their own used textbooks back on the market after each semester ends) by issuing revised or updated editions to “obsolete” their own work and set high prices on the required texts. In another shift in the wind, ebooks are coming into the marketplace, sometimes chunked into individual chapters (monetized to their advantage).

My own background has been in literature, but that proves to be one of the weakest areas for used books. If a book is a classic, there are tons of reprints and editions. If it’s not, it gets dated rather quickly. Signed copies might attract a buyer, but not every signature guarantees that someone will be interested at any price.

And I’m beginning to progress in PHP, though the book I chose to work with is about two inches thick 8=(

It does become clear to me, on viewing my projects over the long term, that I have a vision for bringing the past closer to us with techniques that are currently available. The vision is to design at least some classics so that one actually participates in the experience, rather than simply watching a spectacle or reading a book. Right now, if anyone cares to visit, I’m working in Second Life (on the newly opened sim Innovation Infoisland) on the Trial of Socrates, with a small arena, Socrates in the middle, and persons mentioned in the dialogue seated around (they are little more than simple posts currently). But with scripting, it’s possible for two of these avatars to “converse” — that is, for one to text a statement, ending with a trigger word. The trigger word then activates a second avatar to respond with a text message, and so on. Getting the scripts just right is tricky, but some of it is functioning now. It’s perfectly possible for human avatars to sit in the same assembly and utter trigger words, which would initiate one of several dialogues. Because of the limitations of SL, speeches have to be only about 3 lines long, so I have created responses for the other avatars to text, varying according to personality.

In case you missed that class, Socrates is to be judged by his peers, some of whom would like to see him condemned, and some of whom are friends, so there’s an air of controversy.

Some years ago I worked at a commercial radio station on the graveyard shift, so had lots of time to work on a project for the campus radio station, where I had a weekly show. Over the course of about a year, I created the script, and recorded individual voices, for The Beechers, based on the letters back and forth between the Beecher siblings, including Harriet Beecher Stowe, Henry Ward Beecher, Catharine Beecher, Thomas K. Beecher, and the rest of the eleven children of Lyman Beecher — all of whom achieved national fame at one time or another. It was a fascinating way to look at history, for the “big” events were simply family gossip topics, while brother Charles’ trip to New Orleans and stories of the slave market informed Harriet’s novel Uncle Tom’s Cabin, though she herself had only briefly been south of the Ohio River into Kentucky. Henry’s big contribution had been a trip to England during the Civil War to convince the textile workers there that siding with the South for their cotton was not in the long run a good idea if it perpetuated slavery. That wasn’t in the history books I was taught from, but it may have turned the tide at a critical time to assure Northern victory.

That was just an early version of my vision. The most complete manifestation to date has been the 4-month creation in Second Life, of the Haight-Ashbury neighborhood of 1967, the Summer of Love, complete with the Fillmore Theater, Golden Gate Park, a record shop with all the titles of psychedelic and other music, a reenactment of the whole week-long Monterey Pop Festival with actual footage from the Festival courtesy of streaming YouTube videos. One helper had created a color effect which could somewhat simulate an acid trip, the appropriate dress of the time, and a week-by-week reporting of the 1967 news from Vietnam to early computers to the pirate radio ships of England to the “British invasion.” It was a neighborhood with shops and houses to walk among, music in warehouses, a Free Store, the Glide Memorial for free (virtual) food.

In other words, not just reading about it, but being there. That’s my vision. Interested to work with me? Let me know.